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Greece offers a respite to 12 billion euros

Europe is gaining time, but did not extinguish the fire in Greece. Following a conference call Saturday, finance ministers of the euro area have given the green light to release "by July 15" 8.7 billion euros in loans that should add 3.3 billion paid out by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This decision was expected after the adoption this week by the Greek Parliament of the austerity program imposed by his European creditors. "It (the decision) strengthens the international credibility of Greece", immediately congratulated the Greek finance minister, Evangelos Venizelos.

As the new Executive Director of the IMF, Christine Lagarde, to take office Tuesday, the organization welcomed the developments."We welcome the commitment of the Eurogroup to a funding strategy that ensures that the Greek economic program is fully insured," said the spokesman for the IMF, Caroline Atkinson. No details however were given about a possible date on which the Board could meet to release the funds.

Berlin puts pressure

If these 12 billion euros to Greece should avoid going bankrupt in the short term, it is not enough to save the country permanently and fully reassure the financial markets. For this, the country has called for a second bailout International 110 billion euros. Finance ministers of the euro zone have promised yesterday decisions "in the coming weeks." For its part, the German finance minister, Wolfgang Schäuble, more prudent, spoke of an agreement by the fall only.Berlin looks indeed to be certain that Greece implement austerity measures quickly that the country has promised cash advances pay day loan. "After the release of the fifth installment of the countries of the euro area and the IMF, the next step must be addressed decisively: the measures passed in Athens should be implemented quickly. Privatization, for example, must be launched without delay, "responded the German Minister of Finance. Response of Athens: the austerity plan of 28.4 billion euros will be implemented before mid-September.

Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Spain could knock on the door

These two months of rest should also help to advance on a second rescue plan 110 billion euros. Finance ministers of the euro area have not spoken on this subject last night.They expect to clarify the private sector, banks and other creditors, imposed by Berlin to a new plan to help decide. "The details and extent of the involvement of private and official sources of additional funding will be determined in the coming weeks," they said.

Time is running out: Ireland and Portugal may need a new international aid. As for Spain and Italy, both countries are under pressure from rating agencies. "The failure of European political leaders to resolve the crisis quickly and decisively hits the rest of the euro area," says Ben May, economist at Capital Economics. The United States pressed more in Europe to solve its debt problems to avoid a global impact."If Greece fell deeper into recession following the new austerity measures, it could reduce the willingness of governments to implement additional fiscal measures," says Ben May.

iOS 5 and icloud: updates to the iPhone

Serious competition from Google's Android, Apple gave Monday a facelift to the iPhone. Surrounded by a cohort of leaders, CEO Steve Jobs introduced from San Francisco, California, the new version of IOS, the operating system behind the iPhone, iPad, iPod touch. This software, including a 5 iOS draft was made available to developers on Monday, will be available for the iPhone 3G, iPhone 4, iPad iPad 2, and the latest iPod touch here in the fall short term personal loans. Here's what we can learn from this presentation.

Devices iOS archive their data on Wi-Fi and 3G. Photo credits: Kimihiro HOSHINO / AFP

The temporary assignments are becoming shorter

The acting continues to support job creation. In progress since March 2009, this indicator is very sensitive to the economic climate has again registered an increase in the month of March, according to the employment center. It rose by 0.6% over one month and 14% in one year. All sectors recorded an increase in their numbers acting, except construction, affected by the reduction in tax benefits related Scellier. In 2010, the interim had already jumped over 20%, explaining to him almost every single job creation.

The job market is fragmented, however, still more: in parallel with an increase in temporary employment in total employment, the tasks assigned are becoming shorter. For three years, their average duration is in steady decline: 10.1 days in 2008, 8.9 days in 2009, 8.7 days in 2010.Missions of less than two weeks, which constituted 81.5% of contracts in 2010, are growing steadily, employment center is in a note. As for very short assignments that do not exceed the day, they accounted for a quarter of that date the temporary employment total.

Seniors join the ranks of temporary

If all sectors and all age groups are affected by these developments, the elderly are most affected. The average duration of a mission returned from 10.4 days in 2008 to 8.3 days in 2010 for over 50 years. Sign of growing insecurity of job market, older workers are also more numerous (7.6% in 2010) to swell the ranks of temporary staff, as well as managers and associate professionals (8 , 3%).

Even among workers, skilled gradually supplanting the unskilled.Youth and workers, however, continue to provide the bulk of temporary staffing. A further positive sign: as the economy recovers, temporary assignments frequently lead to a more permanent contract, CDD or CDI. According to a poll released Thursday and conducted by Prism, the union for professionals in the interim, and the Observatory of business and employment, 29% of temporary workers were hired in March 2011, against 20% in 2010.

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European banks are seeking 100 billion

And three. Europe prepares to submit its banks for a third round of stress tests. The objective is always the same: to reassure markets on the strength of the European banking system. And thus enable it to finance itself without the help of the European Central Bank.

On Friday, the European banking authority has announced details of the exercise, whose results will be announced in June, as promised, the device has been hardened by the previous album. This time for the 91 European banks subject to the "check-up cross bar higher than 5% of capital" hard ", even in stormy weather on real estate, sharp rise in rates or further increase in funding costs. Last July, investors have found the stress tests implausible.Moreover, four months after seeing their health bulletin buffered by the ECB, two Irish banks had called for help.

Last year, the stress tests had highlighted a need for equity of only 3.5 billion euros. Since then, Deutsche Bank, BBVA and other Standard Chartered has increased its capital by 10.5 billion, partly to fund acquisitions, partly to prepare for the increased requirements of Basel 3. But it is still far off. By adding the "hole" of 24 billion euros of Irish banks, the 50 billion that could cost the "cajas" in Spain, the 20 billion estimated on Italian banks, and even the 11 billion announced last week by Commerzbank the 100 billion euros of capital requirements is taken blithely.

Contain contagion

The announcements follow one another.Furthermore Commerzbank, Intesa Italian unveiled last week its intention to raise $ 5 billion one hour payday loan. These projects were well received. The markets want to believe that four years after the explosion of the subprime credit bubble in the U.S., the continent is poised to contain the contagion. Governments, in fact, began to worry about the soundness of their banking system. Permeability between banks and the U.S. has never been more evident. Last winter, the woes of the Anglo Irish Bank and other Bank of Ireland Ireland compelled to seek help from Europe and the IMF.Conversely, it is under pressure from his own bank, choked by the degradation of the Portuguese sovereign risk, that Lisbon was forced last week to accept the lifeline.

Typically, Portugal's decision could put pressure on Spain, next on the list of countries deemed sensitive. It did not happen at this point. Madrid took the lead in addressing, since January, the restructuring of its savings undermined by the housing crisis.As for Italy, the governor of the central bank has conveyed the message that he wanted much better capitalized institutions.

Then, build equity far? The gap between, on one hand, the high solvency ratios – above 10% – set by the Swiss regulator, which the UK could follow suit and the other, the Germans and French, that warn against the risk of escalation. The debate is far from complete.

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Debt: Europe adopts an anti-crisis

Portugal is in deepening crisis. A few hours apart, rating agencies Fitch and Standard & Poor's (S & P) lowered the rating of the sovereign debt of Portugal two notches because of "heightened political uncertainty" following the resignation of Prime Minister Jose Socrates. S & P added that it could cut another notch note of Portugal, according to the result of discussions between EU leaders, meeting Thursday and Friday summit in Brussels.

Thus, Europe has the means to fly to the rescue of Lisbon. Leaders Unuion (EU) have in effect endorsed on the night of Thursday to Friday a comprehensive system of protection against debt crises. After several months of negotiations, "the various elements of the project came together today," said EU president, Herman Van Rompuy.As expected, the actual capacity of the Fund's lending support to countries in the Eurozone in trouble is brought from 250 to 440 billion euros. States had already agreed on the creation of a permanent fund with a lending capacity of 500 billion euros. To achieve this, it is expected that the euro zone countries pay from mid-2013 some 80 billion euro capital injection.

Merkel gets concessions

Also, German Chancellor Angela Merkel has made Thursday night in Brussels spreading in time of national contributions of 22 billion euros in total, for the year 2013 will be her year of election and intends to relieve public finances. States pay their dues in five equal installments beginning in 2013. The remaining resources of the Facility will consist of guarantees and capital said to be eligible.Also new: the Relief Fund will directly purchase government debt states in difficulty, in exchange for a strict savings. The support mechanism is a priority for the countries of the monetary union. But it is also open to EU countries not members of the area euro.A this stage, only five of them accepted the invitation: Denmark, Romania, Latvia, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Romania.

Twenty-seven and are particularly supportive screw via Lisbon "Portugal will not be left alone by other Europeans," said Jean-Claude Juncker, a leading finance ministers of the euro area. If Lisbon on request, with 75 billion euros could be assigned. For comparison, Greece had received a loan of 110 billion and Ireland to 85 billion euros.But for now, Portugal, deprived of government, is unable to seek help from Europe.

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A collection of clothing scratched Nelson Mandela

The symbol becomes a claw. Nelson Mandela Foundation, which obviously would not work without the anointing of the former South African president, will launch in August, a clothing line, 46664 Apparel Line. The name of the collection is inspired by the number of prisoners (466) worn by Nelson Mandela in 1964 at the prison on Robben Island, located off Cape Town, South Africa. The hero of the struggle against apartheid has spent 27 years in prison before becoming the first president in 1994.

"46664" will appear soon be on a range of clothing for men and women in bright colors rather comfortable but which will be marketed this summer in South Africa before setting off to conquer Great Britain and the United States, probably the next year. The idea of ​​using this symbol is not recent.It was first used in London, during a concert to raise funds for the fight against AIDS.

By engaging in fashion, Nelson Mandela is a double hit: first, it raises money for his charitable works and secondly it contributes to the economic revival of the textile industry of South African problems. Already singer Bono of "U2" has taken this path by creating its range, called "Edun", intended also to provide work for African workshops fast payday loan no faxing.

Agreement with the largest garment manufacturer in South Africa

Mandela has been even greater since the agreement was negotiated with the group Seardel, the largest garment manufacturer in the country which the designers have designed the first collections.But many South Africans, however, will not afford to buy clothes "46664": about $ 26 for a t-shirt, $ 86 for a polo. For the record, Reuters said that the minimum wage of a farm worker is less than 200 dollars and a quarter of the workforce has no job …

No portrait of Mandela on clothing

Besides direct sales, the clothes will also be available via the Internet. The money raised will fund development projects in Ghana, Tanzania and Mozambique. The Nelson Mandela Foundation will receive his tithes, between 7% and 9% of turnover and a premium of about $ 143,000. No portrait of Mandela appear on clothing. His lawyers remain particularly vigilant on this point, and threaten to take him to court those who would use the famous number "46664" without informing the foundation.

Oil Tripping the Cac 40

After the nice gains yesterday on Wall Street and in Asia this morning, European stock markets saw their rate of increase slowed even fall into negative territory. In Paris the Cac 40, which closed yesterday up nearly 1% beyond 4100, declined by more than 1% to 4067.15 points after leading much of the day. The CAC 40 suffered profit taking after several fine sessions of gains. Investors worried about the risk of contagion of violence in the Arab world to major oil producing countries, like Kuwait or Oman.

On the foreign exchange market, the euro continued to rise against the dollar on Tuesday, still supported by persistent speculation about an early monetary tightening in the euro zone before the policy meeting of the European Central Bank (ECB) on Thursday.To 17 hours in Paris, the euro bought 1.3816 dollars against 1.3803 dollars late Monday.

Registrations of new cars bound

Tuesday, statistics aside, the European Commission announced expect a growth of 1.6% for countries in the euro area this year, up 0.1 points from previous projections, despite rising prices Oil and debt problems of some countries. Note, however, inflation accelerated again in February in the eurozone to 2.4% yoy from 2.3% in January, according to a first estimate Tuesday of the EU statistics office Eurostat. Still according to Eurostat, unemployment in the euro area fell to 9.9% of the workforce in January, after at least 10% in almost all of 2010.Also note, the growth of French manufacturing activity accelerated in February, according to final results of the Monthly Markit published Tuesday.

Registrations of new cars jumped 13.7% in France in February, still enjoying the effects of scrapping, according to figures released Tuesday by the Committee of French Automobile (CCFA). Registrations of Peugeot SA climbed 10.7% and 15.2% of Renault. The CAC 40, Peugeot SA and Renault respectively lost 1.64% to 28.54 euros and 2.23% to 43.42 euros. Furthermore, Peugeot SA is considering a name "low cost" for Europe, but has not yet taken a decision thereon, said Tuesday its chief brands, Jean-Marc Gales at the Geneva Motor Show .

Note also challenge Toyota, Peugeot and BMW in the hybrid car.The two groups will invest 100 million euros in their joint venture. Research and procurement will be located in Germany, while production of components will be located in Mulhouse.

In Paris, the luxury group LVMH with doing well, which accounts 0.17% to 114.70 euros. Investors ignore the departure of Galliano Dior. His rival, PPR advance more (0.86% to 110.95 euros)

Technicolor has reduced its losses in 2010

Sales of the former Thomson – on the brink of bankruptcy in 2009 – have rebounded throughout the year. The net loss of 69 million has been divided by five.The title is sanctioned: -5.66% to 5.17 euros

Vivendi (-1.31% to 20 business cards.39 euros) projects a slight increase in its profits and maintaining a high dividend in 2011 after posting 2010 earnings in line with expectations, the economic daily reported Tuesday Voices.

Steria (-1.25% to 22.57 Euro) announced Monday anticipate an acceleration in organic growth in turnover in 2011 against a backdrop of improving the IT services market, but its margin is expected to remain stable against 2010.

Remy Cointreau: + 2.74% to 50.01 euros specialist in wines and spirits to be announced Monday night entered into exclusive negotiations with the PPE Group for the sale of two brands of Champagne Piper-Heidsieck and Charles Heidsieck.

Bureau Veritas (-0.45% to 55.70 euros) on Monday published the results in 2010 net growth due to emerging countries and said to anticipate further strong growth in sales and operating profit in 2011.

Ingenico: -1.66% to 26.98 euros The group announced Monday night that he might have to raise its medium-term objectives, set for 2013, on the basis of year 2011 for which he anticipates growth organic turnover and improved margins.

Casino Guichard (unchanged at 70.98 euros) wants to sell assets for 700 million euros.The group expects an increase in sales of more than 10% annually over the next three years, but shows a 7% drop in net income in 2010 to 550 million euros in 2010 against 591 million euros a year earlier.

Carrefour (-1.71% to 34.79 euros) and the Alliance Boots company announced Monday an agreement of long-term cooperation in the field of cosmetics. Both groups will also explore partnership opportunities in emerging countries in the field of health.

GDF Suez degraded by UBS

GDF Suez, the second largest European utilities in terms of turnover, is studying the possibility of selling its gas distribution network in Italy as part of a transaction that can represent 750 million euros. Value (-2.13% to 28.75 euros) suffers from a lowering of recommendation from UBS, spent "neutral."

Dried Environment (-0.49% to 66.35 euros) on Monday published the results in 2010 rising, driven by the treatment and recovery of waste, and it was announced a further increase in current operating profit in 2011.

April Group (-2.25% to 22.38 euros) announced Monday a 9.6% increase in net income in 2010 for increased income from investments and the sale of nonstrategic assets .

Damartex (0.46% to 21.70 euros) announced Monday a Damartex Monday announced an increase of 17.5% in operating profit in the first half of 2010-2011 ended in late December, to 23.4 million euros thanks to improved sales and profit margins.

Predica, a subsidiary of Crédit Agricole Assurances and Land Wall announced Monday it had signed with the Louvre Hotels Group protocol to acquire a portfolio of 33 hotel properties operated under the Campanile.

Bank stocks support the CAC40

ACC 40poursuit its momentum, driven by corporate earnings considered in good order. At the close, the index in Paris gained 1% to 4151,26,14 points in trade volume expanded (4.59 billion euros treaties). Elsewhere in Europe, optimism was also practiced. The Footsie-100 from the London Stock Exchange ended on a rise of 0.80% to 6085.27 points and the Dax in Frankfurt Stock Exchange has eaten 0.19% to 7414.30 points.

On the macroeconomic front, the news was mostly American with the publication of figures on many indicators for the month of January. Rather mixed, but they can not reverse the upward trend observed since the opening.In January, housing starts in the U.S. rebounded more than expected, 14.6%, while building permits fell more than expected, 10.4%.

Higher-than-expected also for producer prices in January, they (seasonally adjusted) advanced 0.8% over the month, against 0.7% expected by analysts.

Finally, industrial production fell 0.1% in January, penalized by the return of harsher winter temperatures. An unexpected drop in the consensus building on a 0.5%.This is the first decline since June 2009.

On the foreign exchange market, the euro gained ground Wednesday against the dollar bending under the weight of disappointing U.S. figures published yesterday, but the single currency remains under pressure as concerns about the fiscal health of the fragile zone Euro persistent.Vers 18:00 to Paris, the euro bought 1.3581 dollars against 1.3488 dollars on Tuesday at 23:00.

Societe Generale its dividend multiplied by seven

On the podium of the largest increases in the CAC 40, are banking stocks, buoyed by the good results of Societe Generale. It wins 4.86%, to 51.24 euros. Credit Agricole took 4.76%, to 12.21 euros and Natixis jumped from 3.56% to 4.16 dollars. Sanofi-Aventis follows (3.51% at 51.55 euros), supported by the announcement last night of an agreement with U.S. biotech Genzyme.

In contrast, PPR, which reports tomorrow, shows the largest decrease (-2.07% to 113.40 euros) in its wake LVMH (-0.97% to 116.90 euros).

Societe Generale: + 4.86% to 51.24 euros

Meanwhile, good news comes from the results published by companies, including Societe Generale. After publishing the results in line with market expectations, the banking group has increased its dividend in September by Societe Generale in its wake Credit Agricole (4.76% to 12.21 euros), BNP Paribas (+2, 93% to 58.97 euros) which must publish its results tomorrow, Thursday before the opening of the Bouurse.

Banks also benefit from a buoyant economic environment and the easing of tensions on sovereign debt, while the Eurozone is currently developing measures to help the troubled country.

Sanofi-Aventis: + 3.51% at 51.55 euros

Another announcement that should be reacted in financial markets, even if she was waiting for: the acquisition by Sanofi-Aventis U.S. biotech Genzyme. The two groups have reached an agreement in principle after the French laboratory which will provide $ 20.1 billion plus a certificate of conditional value.

Renault: 0.34% to 45.82 euros, Peugeot: -0.65% to 29.83 euros

For the EU, new car registrations fell 1.4% in January to 1,041,650 vehicles, announced Wednesday the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers (ACEA).Renault sales fell by 5.2% and Peugeot, 3.4%.

A new salvo of results

Atos Origin: + 0.02% to 41.36 euros

Atos Origin has more than tripled its net profit in 2010 to 116 million euros, indicating that they had "achieved its objectives."The group is confident for 2011.

Imerys: -0.23% to 51.52 euros

Imerys will rely on the growth of demand in its markets, particularly in emerging countries and in the paper and steel, to take over the restocking that has supported its findings in 2010, told Reuters its general manager.

Euler Hermes: -2.67% to 73.00 euros

Euler Hermes announced Tuesday a strong rebound in its annual results, driven by a drop in claims, and the resumption of a dividend to its shareholders.

ADP + 0.85% to 65.06 euros

ADP reported a January traffic up 5.5% from 2010.

Bic: -2,16,06% to 62.93 euros

The group of stationery and disposable Bic has made a net profit up 36.7% to 207.5 million euros in 2010, thanks to gains in market share and reported a very good start 2011.

Orpea: + 0.25% to 34.68 euros

Orpea reported Wednesday in a double-digit growth of its business in 2010, supported by organic growth of 8.7% and its external development. Group homes was confident for 2011.

After market, it was the turn of Bricorama (turnover in the fourth quarter) and Icade (results in the fourth quarter) to submit their figures. Is also awaited the outcome of the meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee of the U.S. central bank, held tonight at 20:30.

Renault investigators seeking evidence

Following the media intervention of Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Renault, the tension was far from settled. Monday in the offices of his lawyer, Christian Charriere-Bournazel, Bertrand Rochette, one of three executives fired for "industrial espionage", insisted he would not be the scapegoat in this affair. " The gaunt, emaciated but feisty, he told her "feeling of being trapped in a machine, a system in which there are very important interests."

In charge of the investigation, more than ever in the Central Directorate of Internal Intelligence (DCRI) is the responsibility of delivering the necessary clarification of this spy case. However, investigations begin with difficulty.According to our information, the cons-espionage, acting as part of a preliminary inquiry on January 14 by the Paris prosecutor, had still not on Monday obtained a copy of the private investigation involving three senior before Christmas and sent to the leaders of the group. The police are still only a mere reconstruction of verbal conclusions reached by this mysterious pharmacy.

Last Friday, Marc and Dominique Tixador Gevrey, two security officials the manufacturer, were heard as witnesses to verify certain aspects of the case. They had been entrusted to conduct discrete research after receiving an anonymous letter accusing the end of August, namely two frames.A source familiar with the matter said Monday Figaro they called a "foreign intermediary, based out of Europe" that was then "outsourced the job" for small hands to get a series of "information "in four months. Namely the discovery, for the modest sum of 50,000 euros, an alleged secret payments system of bribes bribes from big Chinese companies, through intermediaries in Shanghai, Hong Kong or the Isle of Malta, on accounts in Switzerland or Liechtenstein.

"About nuanced"

Under what conditions this "mechanical" rather sophisticated Was up? The hypothesis of a "Tricoche," that is to say, getting "tips" in dubious circumstances by public officials or employees unscrupulous rounding their monthly on behalf of pharmacies, do not appear rejected payday loans with no fax."The DCRI will take time and go to the end of this investigation," an official confided Monday, revealing that "everything that was done before the entrance ramp of cons-espionage has no legal value" . Clearly, only the police investigations will finally provide valid evidence and admissible in the proceedings.

For its part, the manufacturer maintains that, in this case, the information that led to the dismissal of three executives "were combined in a legal manner." Nuancing the words of Carlos Ghosn, who spoke on TF1 evidence of "multiple," a spokesman said the group had never claimed to "have evidence" but that "he had sent a number of elements to justice. " Relying on the findings thereof, the manufacturer does not implicitly have been a victim of manipulation.

For Pierre-Olivier Sur, the lawyer Michel Balthazar, statements by the CEO of Renault in the media on Sunday, show that his client "is de facto exonerated," as it was, by his position as director of " upstream projects and benefits "," keeper of secrets, or the complaint does not address these issues, "but the business model for electric cars.

According to sources familiar with the matter, defenders Michel Balthazard could seek the counsel for Renault he is with them in the complaint "for false report" filed by their client. This complaint was not, in fact, Renault, but the author of the anonymous letter that started it all.

The state is still struggling to control their expenditure

This is one of the leitmotifs of government: to bring its public deficit to 3% of GDP in 2013 to contain its debt, France must first reduce spending. Because the other option – massive tax increase – would kill growth. And then the level itself of high public spending (it absorbs 56.6% of national wealth) suggests some leeway.

To achieve its objective, the government has set rules, particularly on government spending, a priori more "controllable". Each year, the total expenditure of the State should not grow faster than inflation, while expenses, excluding charges, debt and retirement of civil servants must remain constant in euros. One way to keep the budgets of ministries whatever surprises on the burden of debt.

On paper, the proposed 2011 budget meets the road map.The state spending rose only 1.3% to 1.5% inflation. Excluding fees and expenses of debt and pensions remained stable at 274.8 billion euros. But in detail, the picture is less rosy. Because the state has always so difficult to control certain budgets.

In May, Francois Fillon announced that the operating expenses (expenses associated with the policies carried out mostly in the office) and non-staff operating costs were reduced 10% by 2013 and 5% in 2011. Yet in its report on the Finance Bill, Philippe Marini, the UMP rapporteur of the Budget in the Senate, said that the operating expenses will decrease by 1% next year, to 58.9 billion. At Bercy, it contends that "the effort should not be calculated from the 2010 level but compared to the natural drift of expenditure.In 2011, they will be 5% lower than they would without the measures taken by the government. " In fact, the executive decided real savings: it reduces the number of contracts and helped cut out the exemptions from payroll taxes (including employment at home). But it also has a subterfuge, by reallocating some costs to other agencies. The State "share" and the financing of vocational training with social agencies for 330 million …

Social benefits and wages of civil servants

Especially, the government did nothing to stop the drift of social benefits. Bercy had planned to curb the rise in the allowance for disabled adults and to prevent the accumulation of individual housing allowance (PLA) with a half-share of family quotient.But, faced with protests, these projects were abandoned.

More surprisingly, the state firm grasp its operating costs. Including its payroll, as pointed Gilles Carrez, the UMP rapporteur of the Budget to the Assembly in its report on the Finance Bill. Despite the non-replacement of retiring in two, staff costs excluding pensions will increase from 700 million in 2011 to $ 82.7 billion. The reason: fewer retirements and skidding all bonuses paid to employees. "But by 2012 the payroll decline", says it does at Bercy.

Furthermore, savings are low on operating expenses in the strict sense, despite the streamlining of procurement, information technology and other charges as part of the general revision of public policies. Next year will be lower than 2% (barely 200 million).Admittedly, 2011 was marked by exceptional operating expenses of $ 400 million, principally for the French presidency of the G20. But the State did not offset by additional cuts. Even if there's progress in ministries and parastatals if (Météo France, museums, etc..) Are better controlled, the state is still far less strict than a business.